Quantum secret sharing between multiparty and multiparty without entanglement

Abstract

We propose a quantum secret sharing protocol between multiparty ($m$ members in group 1) and multiparty ($n$ members in group 2) using a sequence of single photons. These single photons are used directly to encode classical information in a quantum secret sharing process. In this protocol, all members in group 1 directly encode their respective keys on the states of single photons via unitary operations; then, the last one (the $m\mathrm{th}$ member of group 1) sends $1∕n$ of the resulting qubits to each of group 2. Thus the secret message shared by all members of group 1 is shared by all members of group 2 in such a way that no subset of each group is efficient to read the secret message, but the entire set (not only group 1 but also group 2) is. We also show that it is unconditionally secure. This protocol is feasible with present-day techniques.