Why Envy Outperforms Admiration
- 7 March 2011
- journal article
- research article
- Published by SAGE Publications in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Vol. 37 (6), 784-795
- https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167211400421
Abstract
Four studies tested the hypothesis that the emotion of benign envy, but not the emotions of admiration or malicious envy, motivates people to improve themselves. Studies 1 to 3 found that only benign envy was related to the motivation to study more (Study 1) and to actual performance on the Remote Associates Task (which measures intelligence and creativity; Studies 2 and 3). Study 4 found that an upward social comparison triggered benign envy and subsequent better performance only when people thought self-improvement was attainable. When participants thought self-improvement was hard, an upward social comparison led to more admiration and no motivation to do better. Implications of these findings for theories of social emotions such as envy, social comparisons, and for understanding the influence of role models are discussed.Keywords
This publication has 67 references indexed in Scilit:
- Neural correlates of admiration and compassionProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009
- Witnessing excellence in action: the ‘other-praising’ emotions of elevation, gratitude, and admirationThe Journal of Positive Psychology, 2009
- Leveling up and down: The experiences of benign and malicious envy.Emotion, 2009
- The Functional Theory of Counterfactual ThinkingPersonality and Social Psychology Review, 2008
- Comparing lots before and after: Promotion rejectees' invidious reactions to promoteesOrganizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2004
- Consequences of regret aversion in real life: The case of the Dutch postcode lotteryOrganizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2004
- Social Functions of Emotions at Four Levels of AnalysisCognition and Emotion, 1999
- Functional Accounts of EmotionsCognition and Emotion, 1999
- Distinguishing the experiences of envy and jealousy.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1993
- Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete ObservationsJournal of the American Statistical Association, 1958