Intracellular Delivery by Membrane Disruption: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Concepts
Top Cited Papers
- 27 July 2018
- journal article
- review article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in Chemical Reviews
- Vol. 118 (16), 7409-7531
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00678
Abstract
Intracellular delivery is a key step in biological research and has enabled decades of biomedical discoveries. It is also becoming increasingly important in industrial and medical applications ranging from biomanufacture to cell-based therapies. Here, we review techniques for membrane disruption-based intracellular delivery from 1911 until the present. These methods achieve rapid, direct, and universal delivery of almost any cargo molecule or material that can be dispersed in solution. We start by covering the motivations for intracellular delivery and the challenges associated with the different cargo types—small molecules, proteins/peptides, nucleic acids, synthetic nanomaterials, and large cargo. The review then presents a broad comparison of delivery strategies followed by an analysis of membrane disruption mechanisms and the biology of the cell response. We cover mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical strategies of membrane disruption with a particular emphasis on their applications and challenges to implementation. Throughout, we highlight specific mechanisms of membrane disruption and suggest areas in need of further experimentation. We hope the concepts discussed in our review inspire scientists and engineers with further ideas to improve intracellular delivery.Funding Information
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F?rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (P300P3_151179)
- American Australian Association
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM101420-01A1)
- Good Ventures
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