Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compatible Non-Invasive Fibre-Optic Sensors Based on the Bragg Gratings and Interferometers in the Application of Monitoring Heart and Respiration Rate of the Human Body: A Comparative Study
Open Access
- 31 October 2018
- Vol. 18 (11), 3713
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113713
Abstract
The publication presents a comparative study of two fibre-optic sensors in the application of heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) monitoring of the human body. After consultation with clinical practitioners, two types of non-invasive measuring and analysis systems based on fibre Bragg grating (FBG) and fibre-optic interferometer (FOI) have been designed and assembled. These systems use probes (both patent pending) that have been encapsulated in the bio-compatible polydimethylsiloxane (PMDS). The main advantage of PDMS is that it is electrically non-conductive and, as well as optical fibres, has low permeability. The initial verification measurement of the system designed was performed on four subjects in a harsh magnetic resonance (MR) environment under the supervision of a senior radiology assistant. A follow-up comparative study was conducted, upon a consent of twenty volunteers, in a laboratory environment with a minimum motion load and discussed with a head doctor of the Radiodiagnostic Institute. The goal of the laboratory study was to perform measurements that would simulate as closely as possible the environment of harsh MR or the environment of long-term health care facilities, hospitals and clinics. Conventional HR and RR measurement systems based on ECG measurements and changes in the thoracic circumference were used as references. The data acquired was compared by the objective Bland–Altman (B–A) method and discussed with practitioners. The results obtained confirmed the functionality of the designed probes, both in the case of RR and HR measurements (for both types of B–A, more than 95% of the values lie within the ±1.96 SD range), while demonstrating higher accuracy of the interferometric probe (in case of the RR determination, 95.66% for the FOI probe and 95.53% for the FBG probe, in case of the HR determination, 96.22% for the FOI probe and 95.23% for the FBG probe).Keywords
Funding Information
- Ministerstvo Průmyslu a Obchodu (FV20581)
This publication has 63 references indexed in Scilit:
- Optical Fiber-Based MR-Compatible Sensors for Medical Applications: An OverviewSensors, 2013
- Interferometric Fiber Optic SensorsSensors, 2012
- Microstructured optical fiber interferometric breathing sensorJournal of Biomedical Optics, 2012
- Heart detection and diagnosis based on ECG and EPCG relationshipsMedical Devices: Evidence and Research, 2011
- Theory and Developments in an Unobtrusive Cardiovascular System Representation: BallistocardiographyThe Open Biomedical Engineering Journal, 2010
- Anxiety, respiration, and cerebral blood flow: implications for functional brain imagingComprehensive Psychiatry, 2007
- Nanostructured optical fibre sensors for breathing airflow monitoringMeasurement Science and Technology, 2006
- ECG analysis: a new approach in human identificationIEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2001
- Digital Signal Processing of the Phonocardiogram: Review of the Most Recent AdvancementsCritical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 1995
- A microcomputer-based cardiotachometer with video displayBehavior Research Methods, 1981