Prevalence of coronary artery disease in a general population without suspicion of coronary artery disease: angiographic analysis of subjects aged 40 to 70 years referred for catheter ablation therapy

Abstract

Background The prevalence of coronary vessel wall alterations in the general population is not known. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of coronary artery disease in persons in whom the underlying disease was not related to coronary artery disease and could therefore be regarded as a near normal population. Methods We included 331 consecutive patients (173 men, 158 women, aged between 40 and 70 years) who were referred for catheter ablation of an accessory pathway (67·4% ) or atrioventricular-node modification (32·6%) and who underwent coronary angiography as part of their routine baseline evaluation before radiofrequency current application. Most of the patients (79%) of this cohort were free of symptoms of coronary artery disease. Based on visual inspection of coronary angiograms in multiple projections, patients were classified to have one-, two- or three-vessel disease if stenoses greater than 50% of lumen diameter were present. In addition, diffuse vessel wall alterations were assessed using two different score systems. Results The prevalence of coronary artery disease in this near normal population was 7·3%, with a significant difference in coronary asymptomatic (3·8%) vs symptomatic patients (17·1%). Mean levels of total cholesterol and other risk factors were not significantly different in patients with coronary artery disease compared to those without. But levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) were significantly higher and high-density (HDL) cholesterol lower in patients with a stenosis or extent score higher than zero compared to a score of zero. The values of all vessel scores evaluating the extent of critical and diffuse coronary vessel alterations were very low in patients affected with coronary artery disease, indicating a low degree of diffuse alteration of the vessel wall. Conclusions The prevalence of coronary artery disease with at least one critical stenosis in subjects aged 40–70 years with an average cholesterol level of 238±42mg.dl⁻¹is 7·3%.