Potential phosphorus losses in overland flow from pastoral soils receiving long‐term applications of either superphosphate or reactive phosphate rock
Open Access
- 1 October 2003
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Informa UK Limited in New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research
- Vol. 46 (4), 329-337
- https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2003.9513561
Abstract
The forms and concentrations of P in overland flow were measured from intact pastoral soils obtained from the Winchmore long‐term P fertiliser trial. Treatments under evaluation were soils that received either 0, 188, 250 or 376 kg superphosphate ha−1 yr−1, or 175 kg reactive phosphate rock (RPR) ha−1 yr−1. The objective was to determine the magnitude of potential P transfers from soil to water following P fertilisation, and to determine if losses were different following RPR fertilisation compared with superphosphate. Overland flow was induced by the application of artificial rainfall at 15 mm h−1, maintained for 1 h after flow commenced. Concentrations of dissolved reactive P (DRP) and total P (TP) mirrored the long‐term application rates, although prior to a fresh application of P, soils with P applied in RPR form lost more P during an event than soils with the same rate of P applied as superphosphate. After a fresh application of RPR and superphosphate treatments, up to 5.4 mg TP litre−1 was lost in flow from the 376 kg superphosphate ha−1 yr−1 treatment, while P in flow from soils fertilised with RPR were commonly c. 0.11 mg litre−1, but still greater than from the unfertilised control soils (0.02 mg litre−1). Regression analysis indicated that DRP concentrations in flow from the fertilised soils were elevated above that lost before fertiliser application for a period of approximately 60 days. These results support earlier studies that demonstrate the greater risks of incidental P losses from soluble P fertilisers such as superphosphate (up to 60 days), and conversely the potential environmental benefits from RPR fertilisation of soils “at‐risk” of P loss (e.g., where much overland flow occurs such as in very wet soils and near stream channels). However, if good management practice is followed then the difference in P loss between superphosphate and RPR treated soils should be minimal over a period of a year.Keywords
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