An exclusive focus on bottom-line income misses important information contained in accruals (the difference between accounting earnings and cash flow) about the quality of earnings. Earnings increases that are accompanied by high accruals, suggesting low-quality earnings, are associated with poor future returns. We explore various hypothesesearnings manipulation, extrapolative biases about future growth, and underreaction to changes in business conditionsto explain accruals' predictive power. Checks for robustness using within-industry comparisons and data on U.K. stocks are also provided.published_or_final_versio