Convulsive status epilepticus

Abstract

Generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) is a medical emergency that must be treated rapidly and aggressively to prevent neuronal damage. Treatment should be initiated with intravenous lorazepam, 0.1 mg/kg, given at a rate of no more than 2 mg/min. If convulsions persist for more than 10 minutes or recur more than 20 minutes after lorazepam therapy is started, then fosphenytoin (20 mg of phenytoin equivalents per kilogram) should be infused at a rate of no more than 150 mg/min. If convulsions still continue, intravenous general anesthesia with pentobarbital, benzodiazepine drip, or propofol should be initiated after respiratory support has been established. All patients with GCSE who do not recover consciousness should be monitored with electroencephalography (EEG), and any residual epileptiform activity on EEG, including periodic epileptiform discharges (PEDs), should be considered evidence of continuing GCSE and treated aggressively.