Analysis and Design Strategy of UHF Micro-Power CMOS Rectifiers for Micro-Sensor and RFID Applications
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- 15 January 2007
- journal article
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers
- Vol. 54 (1), 153-166
- https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2006.887974
Abstract
Design strategy and efficiency optimization of ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) micro-power rectifiers using diode-connected MOS transistors with very low threshold voltage is presented. The analysis takes into account the conduction angle, leakage current, and body effect in deriving the output voltage. Appropriate approximations allow analytical expressions for the output voltage, power consumption, and efficiency to be derived. A design procedure to maximize efficiency is presented. A superposition method is proposed to optimize the performance of multiple-output rectifiers. Constant-power scaling and area-efficient design are discussed. Using a 0.18-mum CMOS process with zero-threshold transistors, 900-MHz rectifiers with different conversion ratios were designed, and extensive HSPICE simulations show good agreement with the analysis. A 24-stage triple-output rectifier was designed and fabricated, and measurement results verified the validity of the analysisKeywords
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