Performance of a deep litter system for egg production

Abstract

1. Medium hybrid hens were housed from 20 to 64 weeks in a deep litter house as flocks of 300, 370 and 370 and at stocking densities of 2–4 to 10–7 birds/m² in three successive laying cycles. Sister birds were housed in cages in an adjacent building as groups of 3 and 4, at 750 or 560 cm²/bird. 2. Hen housed egg production was lower on litter (208 to 235) than in cages (230 to 253). However, the estimated 52‐week values for litter were comparable to or better than standards published by the National Farmers’ Union. 3. Ambient temperatures were well controlled in both houses, but atmospheric dust and ammonia were a problem in the litter system and ammonia was a problem in the deep pit cage house. Litter condition was good at all stocking densities. 4. There was a trend for production to increase with stocking density on litter, but to decrease in cages. 5. Most egg quality variables were similar in the two systems, although there were more dirty eggs from litter and shell thickness was slightly greater in eggs from cages. 6. Body weight increase was initially faster in birds on litter; caged hens were equally heavy by the end of lay, but a greater proportion of their body mass was lipid. 7. The severity of feather damage and loss was correlated with stocking density for hens both on litter and in cages, being worse at the higher densities. Median cage scores were greater than values from litter at low densities but less than those from high densities. Beak trimming reduced feather damage on litter but had no effect in cages. 8. Mortality was low (1 to 3%) for all flocks, except those in year 3 which had not been beak trimmed and which suffered from cannibalism both in cages and on litter.