In the absence of strabismus what constitutes a visual deficit in children?
Open Access
- 1 January 2006
- journal article
- research article
- Published by BMJ in British Journal of Ophthalmology
- Vol. 90 (1), 40-43
- https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2005.072009
Abstract
Aim: To examine the range of monocular crowded logMAR acuity and cycloplegic refraction of children aged 3 years and 4 years without strabismus. Methods: Data were collected prospectively. All children had full orthoptic and ophthalmic examination. Inclusion principally required the absence of strabismus, symptoms, and ocular pathology. Criteria were used to categorise the refraction findings as normal, borderline, or abnormal. Results: 118 children aged 3 years (mean 3 years 6 months (SD 2 months) and 67 children aged 4 years (mean 4 years 4 months (SD 3 months) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. For the children with normal refraction, the mean monocular logMAR acuity was 0.200 (SD 0.09) for 3 year olds (n = 84) and 0.140 (SD 0.08) for 4 year olds (n = 45); the mean interocular acuity difference (IAD) was 0.03 (SD 0.06) for 3 year olds and 0.03 (SD 0.04) for 4 year olds. The 95% confidence limits were calculated for monocular acuity and IAD and compared to the acuity scores of the children with borderline (n = 17) and abnormal refractive error (n = 38). 15 borderline and 16 abnormal cases had a visual acuity within these limits. Conclusion: A wide range of refraction may be associated with a good level of visual acuity in children aged 3 years and 4 years.Keywords
This publication has 14 references indexed in Scilit:
- How often are spectacles prescribed to “normal” preschool children?Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 2004
- Effect of spectacles on changes of spherical hypermetropia in infants who did, and did not, have strabismusBritish Journal of Ophthalmology, 2000
- Spectacle Prescribing Recommendations of AAPOS MembersJournal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus, 1998
- Active emmetropization--evidence for its existence and ramifications for clinical practice.1997
- Screening for amblyopia: a comparison of paediatric letter testsBritish Journal of Ophthalmology, 1997
- Photoscreening for Amblyogenic FactorsJournal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus, 1995
- Emmetropisation, squint, and reduced visual acuity after treatment.British Journal of Ophthalmology, 1991
- Visual Acuity of the Preschool ChildOptometry and Vision Science, 1986
- Visual acuity norms in young childrenSurvey of Ophthalmology, 1983
- VISION SCREENING OF FOUR‐YEAR‐OLD CHILDRENActa Paediatrica, 1973