Arrangement of L2 within the Papillomavirus Capsid
- 1 June 2008
- journal article
- Published by American Society for Microbiology in Journal of Virology
- Vol. 82 (11), 5190-5197
- https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02726-07
Abstract
Papillomaviruses are a family of nonenveloped DNA tumor viruses. Some sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV) types, including HPV type 16 (HPV16), cause cancer of the uterine cervix. Papillomaviruses encode two capsid proteins, L1 and L2. The major capsid protein, L1, can assemble spontaneously into a 72-pentamer icosahedral structure that closely resembles native virions. Although the minor capsid protein, L2, is not required for capsid formation, it is thought to participate in encapsidation of the viral genome and plays a number of essential roles in the viral infectious entry pathway. The abundance of L2 and its arrangement within the virion remain unclear. To address these questions, we developed methods for serial propagation of infectious HPV16 capsids (pseudoviruses) in cultured human cell lines. Biochemical analysis of capsid preparations produced using various methods showed that up to 72 molecules of L2 can be incorporated per capsid. Cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction analysis of purified capsids revealed an icosahedrally ordered L2-specific density beneath the axial lumen of each L1 capsomer. The relatively close proximity of these L2 density buttons to one another raised the possibility of homotypic L2 interactions within assembled virions. The concept that the N and C termini of neighboring L2 molecules can be closely apposed within the capsid was supported using bimolecular fluorescence complementation or "split GFP" technology. This structural information should facilitate investigation of L2 function during the assembly and entry phases of the papillomavirus life cycle.Keywords
This publication has 64 references indexed in Scilit:
- A Novel Virus Detected in Papillomas and Carcinomas of the Endangered Western Barred Bandicoot ( Perameles bougainville ) Exhibits Genomic Features of both the Papillomaviridae and PolyomaviridaeJournal of Virology, 2007
- Production of Papillomavirus‐Based Gene Transfer VectorsCurrent Protocols in Cell Biology, 2007
- Carrageenan Is a Potent Inhibitor of Papillomavirus InfectionPLoS Pathogens, 2006
- Identification of a Dynein Interacting Domain in the Papillomavirus Minor Capsid Protein L2Journal of Virology, 2006
- Interaction of tSNARE Syntaxin 18 with the Papillomavirus Minor Capsid Protein Mediates InfectionJournal of Virology, 2005
- The Minor Capsid Protein L2 Contributes to Two Steps in the Human Papillomavirus Type 31 Life CycleJournal of Virology, 2005
- Interactions between Papillomavirus L1 and L2 Capsid ProteinsJournal of Virology, 2003
- Interaction of L2 with ॆ-Actin Directs Intracellular Transport of Papillomavirus and InfectionJournal of Biological Chemistry, 2003
- Interaction of polyomavirus internal protein VP2 with the major capsid protein VP1 and implications for participation of VP2 in viral entryThe EMBO Journal, 1998
- The Effects of Radiation Damage on the Structure of Frozen Hydrated HSV-1 CapsidsJournal of Structural Biology, 1993