The Use of the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio as a Biomarker to Personalize Smoking Cessation Treatment: Current Evidence and Future Directions
Open Access
- 1 March 2020
- journal article
- review article
- Published by American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) in Cancer Prevention Research
- Vol. 13 (3), 261-272
- https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0259
Abstract
The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a genetically informed biomarker of rate of nicotine metabolism, has been validated as a tool to select the optimal treatment for individual smokers, thereby improving treatment outcomes. This review summarizes the evidence supporting the development of the NMR as a biomarker of individual differences in nicotine metabolism, the relationship between the NMR and smoking behavior, the clinical utility of using the NMR to personalize treatments for smoking cessation, and the potential mechanisms that underlie the relationship between NMR and smoking cessation. We conclude with a call for additional research necessary to determine the ultimate benefits of using the NMR to personalize treatments for smoking cessation. These future directions include measurement and other methodologic considerations, disseminating this approach to at-risk subpopulations, expanding the NMR to evaluate its efficacy in predicting treatment responses to e-cigarettes and other noncigarette forms of nicotine, and implementation science including cost-effectiveness analyses. See all articles in this Special Collection Honoring Paul F. Engstrom, MD, Champion of Cancer PreventionKeywords
Funding Information
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K24 DA045244)
- NCI (R35 CA197461)
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