AT Base Pair Anions versus (9-Methyl-A)(1-Methyl-T) Base Pair Anions

Abstract

The anionic base pairs of adenine and thymine, (AT)^-, and 9-methyladenine and 1-methylthymine, (MAMT)^-, have been investigated both theoretically and experimentally in a complementary, synergistic study. Calculations on (AT)^- found that it had undergone a barrier-free proton transfer (BFPT) similar to that seen in other dimer anion systems and that its structural configuration was neither Watson−Crick (WC) nor Hoogsteen (HS). The vertical detachment energy (VDE) of (AT)^- was determined by anion photoelectron spectroscopy and found to be in agreement with the VDE value predicted by theory for the BFPT mechanism. An AT pair in DNA is structurally immobilized into the WC configuration, in part, by being bonded to the sugars of the double helix. This circumstance was mimicked by methylating the sites on both A and T where these sugars would have been tied, viz., 9-methyladenine and 1-methylthymine. Calculations found no BFPT in (MAMT)^- and a resulting (MAMT)^- configuration that was either HS or WC, with the configurations differing in stability by ca. 2 kcal/mol. The photoelectron spectrum of (MAMT)^- occurred at a completely different electron binding energy than had (AT)^-. Moreover, the VDE value of (MAMT)^- was in agreement with that predicted by theory. The configuration of (MAMT)^- and its lack of electron-induced proton transfer are inter-related. While there may be other pathways for electron-induced DNA alterations, BFPT in the WC/HS configurations of (AT)^- is not feasible.