Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Synthesis and Inhibition Against Isozymes I, II and IV of Topically Acting Antiglaucoma Sulfonamides Incorporatingcis-5-Norbornene-endo-3-Carboxy-2-Carboxamido Moieties

Abstract

Sulfonamides incorporating cis-5-norbornene-endo-3-carboxy-2-carboxamido moieties in their molecules were prepared by reaction of cis-5-norbornene-endo-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride with aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides possessing free amino, hydrazino, or imino groups. Some of these compounds showed very good CA II and CA IV inhibitory properties, with affinities for the enzymes in the low nanomolar range. Some of the most active CA II inhibitors reported here have been formulated as aqueous solutions for topical administration as antiglaucoma agents in normotensive rabbits. Some of the derivatives incorporating cis-5-norbornene-endo-3-carboxy-2-carboxamido and aromatic sulfonamide moieties (as sodium salts) showed effective and longer lasting intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering as compared to dorzolamide, a widely used topical antiglaucoma drug. Compounds incorporating cis-5-norbornene-endo-2,3-carboximido moieties, although stronger in vitro CA inhibitors as compared to the corresponding cis-5-norbomene-endo-3-carboxy-2-carbox-amido-derivatives, showed no topical IOP lowering properties, probably due to their very poor water solubility.