Mapping of passive intermodulation products on microstrip lines

Abstract
A new approach to the direct observation of third-order passive intermodulation (PIM3) products on the microstrip transmission lines is proposed. Mapping of PIM3 product distributions along printed microstrip traces and nearby localised sources has been realised with the aid of the near field probing and a standard PIM analyser. The results of PIM3 measurements are presented and discussed in comparison with simulations based on a nonlinear transmission line model (NTL) as well as earlier experimental studies.

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