Association of Medical Male Circumcision and Antiretroviral Therapy Scale-up With Community HIV Incidence in Rakai, Uganda

Abstract

Randomized trials have shown that medical male circumcision (MMC) reduces male HIV acquisition by 50% to 60%,^1-3 and that early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces HIV transmission by more than 90% in HIV-discordant couples.⁴ Mathematical modeling suggests that these interventions could mitigate the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa,^5-7 but there is limited empirical evidence for the population-level effects of these interventions on HIV incidence in real-world programs.