Synthesis of Ladder-Type π-Conjugated Heteroacenes via Palladium-Catalyzed Double N-Arylation and Intramolecular O-Arylation
- 7 June 2007
- journal article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in The Journal of Organic Chemistry
- Vol. 72 (14), 5119-5128
- https://doi.org/10.1021/jo070427p
Abstract
Ladder-type heteroacenes containing pyrrole or furan rings, indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles and dibenzo[d,d']benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difurans, were effectively synthesized from the common intermediates, 2,5-bis(o-chloroaryl)hydroquinones. The key reactions are palladium-catalyzed double N-arylation of aniline and intramolecular O-arylation, which enable regioselective ring closure. In addition to the parent indolo[3,2-b]carbazole and dibenzo[d,d']benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran, their derivatives with an alkyl or cyano group were first synthesized. Photophysical and electrochemical studies showed that the obtained heteroacenes have lower HOMO energy levels and larger band gaps than the corresponding hydrocarbon acene, pentacene. An X-ray analysis of dibenzo[d,d']benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran revealed that it was packed in herringbone fashion.Keywords
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