Longitudinal Changes in Forearm Bone Mineral Density in Women and Men Aged 45–84 Years: The Tromsø Study, a Population-based Study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to describe changes in bone mineral density in Norwegian women and men aged 45–84 years in a population-based, longitudinal study. Bone mineral density (g/cm²) was measured at distal and ultradistal forearm sites with single x-ray absorptiometric devices in 3,169 women and 2,197 men at baseline in 1994–1995 and at follow-up in 2001 (standard deviation, 0.4 years). The mean annual bone loss was −0.5% and −0.4% in men and −0.9% and −0.8% in women not using hormone replacement therapy at the distal and ultradistal sites, respectively. In men, age was a negative predictor of bone mineral density change at both sites. Women not using hormone replacement therapy had the highest bone loss at the ultradistal site 1–5 years after menopause. The correlation between the two measurements was high: r = 0.93 and r = 0.90 in women and r = 0.96 and r = 0.93 in men for the distal and ultradistal sites, respectively. More than 70% kept their quartile positions, indicating a high degree of tracking of bone mineral density measurements. Although the study population live above the polar circle, the rate of bone loss was not higher at the distal and ultradistal forearm sites compared with that of other cohorts.