In early 2003, 2 rebel movements (the Sudanese Liberation Army and the Justice and Equality Movement) launched an insurgency against the rule of Khartoum and the government of Sudan, and Janjaweed tribal militias have responded with decisive counteroffensives. Militia attacks have been blamed by refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) for indiscriminate killings, rape, abduction, cattle and property looting, and razing of villages. More than 1.5 million people (25% of the population of the region) are now scattered in 127 encampments in Darfur and 15 in neighboring Chad.