Dust and pollution transport on global scales: Aerosol measurements and model predictions
Open Access
- 16 December 2001
- journal article
- Published by American Geophysical Union (AGU) in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
- Vol. 106 (D23), 32555-32569
- https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd900842
Abstract
Vertical profiles of aerosol and gas phase species were measured on flights near Hawaii on April 9 and 10, 1999, during NASA's Pacific Exploratory Mission (PEM) Tropics B program. These measurements characterized aerosol microphysics, inferred chemistry, optical properties, and gases in several extensive dust and pollution plumes, also detected by satellites, which had 10,000‐km trajectories back to sources in Asia. Size‐resolved measurements indicative of aerosol sulfate, black carbon, dust, light scattering, and absorption allowed determination of their concentrations and contributions to column aerosol optical depth. A new Chemical Transport Model (CTM) that includes aerosol, meteorological fields, dynamics, gas and particle source emissions, a chemistry component (MATCH), and assimilated satellite data was used to predict aerosol and gas concentrations and the aerosol optical effects along our flight path. Flight measurements confirmed the “river‐like” plume structures predicted by the CTM and showed close agreement with the predicted contributions of dust and sulfate to aerosol concentrations and optical properties for this global‐scale transport path. Consistency between satellite, model and in situ assessment of aerosol optical depth was found, with noted exceptions, within ∼25%. Both observations and model results confirmed that this aerosol was being entrained into the marine boundary layer between Hawaii and California where it can be expected to modify the type and concentration of cloud condensation nuclei in ways that may alter properties of low‐level clouds. These observations document the significance and complexity of long‐range aerosol transport and highlight the potential of emerging CTM models to extend observational data and address related issues on global scales.Keywords
This publication has 42 references indexed in Scilit:
- Atmospheric particle size and composition measurements to support light extinction calculations over the Indian OceanJournal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2001
- Reduction of Tropical Cloudiness by SootScience, 2000
- Determining Aerosol Radiative Properties Using the TSI 3563 Integrating NephelometerAerosol Science and Technology, 1998
- Aerosol absorption measurements at Barrow, Mauna Loa and the south poleJournal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 1995
- Atmospheric nuclei in the Pacific midtroposphere: Their nature, concentration, and evolutionJournal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 1993
- Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic AerosolsScience, 1992
- A thermo-optic technique for in situ analysis of size-resolved aerosol physicochemistryAtmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics, 1991
- Aerosols, Cloud Microphysics, and Fractional CloudinessScience, 1989
- Aerosol Light Absorption by Soot in Remote EnvironmentsAerosol Science and Technology, 1989
- THE PRODUCTION, CONCENTRATION, AND VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SEA‐SALT AEROSOL*Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1980