The Human Visceral Fat Depot Has a Unique Inflammatory Profile
- 1 May 2010
- Vol. 18 (5), 879-883
- https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2010.22
Abstract
Obesity can be considered as a low-grade inflammatory condition, strongly linked to adverse metabolic outcomes. Obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation is characterized by infiltration of macrophages and increased cytokine and chemokine production. The distribution of adipose tissue impacts the outcomes of obesity, with the accumulation of fat in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), but not superficial SAT, being linked to insulin resistance. We hypothesized that the inflammatory gene expression in deep SAT and VAT is higher than in superficial SAT. A total of 17 apparently healthy women (BMI: 29.3 +/- 5.5 kg/m(2)) were included in the study. Body fat (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and distribution (computed tomography) were measured, and insulin sensitivity, blood lipids, and blood pressure were determined. Inflammation-related differences in gene expression (real-time PCR) from VAT, superficial and deep SAT biopsies were analyzed using univariate and multivariate data analyses. Using multivariate discrimination analysis, VAT appeared as a distinct depot in adipose tissue inflammation, while the SAT depots had a similar pattern, with respect to gene expression. A significantly elevated (P < 0.01) expression of the CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in VAT contributed strongly to the discrimination. In conclusion, the human adipose tissue depots have unique inflammatory patterns, with CCR2 and MIF distinguishing between VAT and the SAT depots.This publication has 35 references indexed in Scilit:
- MIF Deficiency Reduces Chronic Inflammation in White Adipose Tissue and Impairs the Development of Insulin Resistance, Glucose Intolerance, and Associated Atherosclerotic DiseaseCirculation Research, 2009
- Correlation between omental TNF-α protein and plasma PAI-1 in obesity subjectsInternational Journal of Cardiology, 2008
- Inflammation is associated with a decrease of lipogenic factors in omental fat in womenAmerican Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2008
- Insulin regulation of MCP-1 in human adipose tissue of obese and lean womenAmerican Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2008
- Glucocorticoid metabolism within superficial subcutaneous rather than visceral adipose tissue is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome in South African womenClinical Endocrinology, 2006
- CCR2 modulates inflammatory and metabolic effects of high-fat feedingJCI Insight, 2006
- Use and Abuse of HOMA ModelingDiabetes Care, 2004
- Standard Isolation of Primary Adipose Cells from Mouse Epididymal Fat Pads Induces Inflammatory Mediators and Down-regulates Adipocyte GenesPublished by Elsevier BV ,2003
- Evidence for insulin resistance in black women from South AfricaInternational Journal of Obesity, 2000
- Anatomy of the Subcutaneous Tissue of the Trunk and Lower ExtremityPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1987