Ketersediaan dan Keragaman Pangan serta Tingkat Ekonomi sebagai Prediktor Status Gizi Balita (The Availability and Diversification of Food as Well as Economic Status as the Predictor of Nutritional Status of Children Under 5 Years Old)
Penyebab tidak langsung dari masalah gizi balita adalah ketersediaan pangan dan keragamannya. Ketersediaan dan keragaman pangan ini tidak terlepas dari tingkat sosial ekonomi keluarga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan dari keragaman pangan, ketersediaan pangan, dan tingkat ekonomi dengan status gizi balita di Kota Malang. Penelitian cross-sectional dengan metode multistage sampling pada 57 kelurahan di kota Malang dilakukan pada 115 keluarga yang mempunyai balita pada tahun 2014. Keragaman pangan tingkat rumah tangga diukur dengan kuesioner Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), ketersediaan pangan rumah tangga dengan Household 7-days-food record, tingkat ekonomi dengan indikator jenis dan total pendapatan, persen pengeluaran untuk pangan (%PP) serta status gizi balita dengan indikator z-skor BB/TB, BB/U, dan TB/U. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Spearmann/Pearson dan Fisher’s exact. Rata-rata usia balita adalah 24,22 ± 15,74 bulan terdiri dari laki-laki 61 (53%) dan 54 (47%) perempuan. Prevalensi balita kurus 12,17%, pendek 26,09%, dan berat badan kurang 11,3%. Median HDDS adalah 9 dengan ketersediaan energi/kapita/hari sebesar 983,28 (631,58; 2210,97) kkal/kapita/hari. Rata-rata total pendapatan per rumah tangga adalah Rp.1.176.576±1,94 dan Rp.374.47±1,9 per kapita. Adapun %PP sebesar 59,13±1,8%. Terdapat hubungan negatif antara z-skor BB/TB dan HDDS dengan dengan %PP (p=0.042, r=-0.19 dan p=0,002 dan r=-0,29) serta hubungan positif antara HDDS dengan jumlah pendapatan (pKata Kunci: Keragaman pangan; ketersediaan pangan; status gizi; HDDS The underlying cause of malnutrition among children under the age of five is food availability and food diversity. These factors are related to economic level of the household. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation betwen food availability and diversity as well as economic status and nutritional status of children under five in Malang City. A cross-sectional study with multistage sampling method from 57 villages in Malang city was conducted among 115 households having underfive age children in 2014. Food diversity was measured using Household Dietary Diversity Score questionnaire (HDDS), household food availability using Household 7-day-food record, economic status using the indicator types of income, total income, and proportion of food expenditure (%FE). WHZ, WAZ and HAZ were used to determine nutritional status. Analisis was performed by Spearmann/Pearson correlation and Fisher’s exact. The average age of children was 24,22 ± 15,74 months, consisting of 61 (53%) male and 54 (47%) female. Prevalence of wasting was 12,17%, stunting 26,09% and underweight 11,3%. Median HDDS was 9, food availaibilty in term of energy/person/day was 983,28 (631,58; 2210,97) kcal/person/day. The average income per household was Rp.1.176,576±1,94 and Rp.374.47±1,9 per person. Proportion of food expenditure was 59,13±1,8%. There was a negative correlation between WHZ and HDDS with %FE (p=0.042, r=-0,19 dan p=0,002 dan r=-0,29) and positive correlatition between HDDS and total income (pKey words: dietary diversity; food availability; nutritional status; HDDS