Nitric oxide inhibits viral replication in murine myocarditis.
Open Access
- 15 April 1996
- journal article
- Published by American Society for Clinical Investigation in JCI Insight
- Vol. 97 (8), 1837-1843
- https://doi.org/10.1172/jci118613
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a radical molecule that not only serves as a vasodilator and neurotransmitter but also acts as a cytotoxic effector molecule of the immune system. The inducible enzyme making NO, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), is transcriptionally activated by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, cytokines which are produced during viral infection. We show that iNOS is induced in mice infected with the Coxsackie B3 virus. Macrophages expressing iNOS are identified in the hearts and spleens of infected animals with an antibody raised against iNOS. Infected mice have increased titers of virus and a higher mortality when fed NOS inhibitors. Thus, viral infection induces iNOS in vivo, and NO inhibits viral replication. NO is a novel, nonspecific immune defense against viruses in vivo.Keywords
This publication has 58 references indexed in Scilit:
- Induction of Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity by Cytokines in Ventricular Myocytes Is Necessary but Not Sufficient to Decrease Contractile Responsiveness to β-Adrenergic AgonistsCirculation Research, 1995
- Nitric Oxide‐Mediated Inhibition of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain in Cultured AstrocytesJournal of Neurochemistry, 1994
- Nitric oxide synthases: Roles, tolls, and controlsCell, 1994
- Induction of myocardial nitric oxide synthase by cardiac allograft rejection.JCI Insight, 1994
- Intracellular oxidative stress induced by nitric oxide synthesis inhibition increases endothelial cell adhesion to neutrophils.Circulation Research, 1994
- Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in cytomegalovirus-infected glial cells of retinas from AIDS patientsNeuroscience Letters, 1994
- U.S.-Japan Cooperative Cancer Research Program: seminar on nitric oxide synthase and carcinogenesis.1994
- Macrophage nitric oxide synthase gene: two upstream regions mediate induction by interferon gamma and lipopolysaccharide.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1993
- Inhibition of Viral Replication by Interferon-γ-Induced Nitric Oxide SynthaseScience, 1993
- Evidence for antiviral effect of nitric oxide. Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication.JCI Insight, 1993