Mesenteric Vascular Problems

Abstract

Mesenteric vascular problems are infrequent, but may be catastrophic. During a 26-year period, 55 private patients were treated for the following disorders: (1) 12 patients with visceral artery aneurysms, (2) 8 with celiac compression syndrome, (3) 13 with chronic mesenteric ischemia, (4) 12 with acute mesenteric ischemia, and (5) 10 with mesenteric ischemia associated with aortic reconstructions. Splenic artery aneurysms were managed by excision and splenectomy, while celiac and hepatic had excision with graft replacement. Patients with celiac compression syndrome underwent lysis of the celiac artery. Two patients had compression of both celiac and superior mesenteric artery (SMA). One patient required vascular reconstruction of both arteries for residual stenoses. Patients having chronic mesenteric ischemia were treated with bypass grafts, with one death (7.7% mortality) and good long-term results. Those with acute mesenteric ischemia were treated by SMA embolectomy, bowel resection, or both, with a mortality of 67%. When associated with aortic reconstructions, mesenteric ischemia carried a mortality of 100% if bowel infarction occurred after operation, but when prophylactic mesenteric revascularization was performed at the time of aortic surgery, prognosis was greatly improved, with only one death among six patients. An aggressive approach including prompt arteriography with early diagnosis and surgical therapy is advocated for these catastrophic acute mesenteric problems.