Association of Smoking Habits and Height of Residual Bone on Implant Survival and Success Rate in Lateral Sinus Lift: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

The primary aim was to evaluate the association of patient related factors, biomaterials and implant characteristics on complications' rate of sinus graft surgery and on implant survival rate in grafted sinus. Secondary aims were to measure bone remodelling around implants and the patients' satisfaction. A retrospective cohort study was designed. Patients who had computer tomography before sinus surgery (T0), orthopantomography after implant surgery (T1) and at follow-up (T2), were included. Specific forms were used to collect clinical data. Radiographic measures were: height of residual bone before sinus surgery measured on computer tomography (T0) and apical and marginal bone levels around implants measured on orthopantomography at T1 and T2. Forty-three lateral sinus lifts were performed. Three grafts failed before implant insertion. Out of 83 implants inserted in 29 patients, a total of 19 failed. Mean follow-up (T2) was 6±1,8 years [4;11.2 years]. The multilevel models analysis showed no association between complications' rate and patient related factors, biomaterials and implant characteristics. Smoking (OR of 8.3 - 95%CI 1.46; 48.05, P = 0.0173) and height of residual bone (OR of 0.32 for each mm - 95%CI 0.15; 0.68, P = 0.0034) were associated with implant failure Bone remodelling between T1 and T2 was -0.8±0.2 mm for apical bone and -0.6±0.3mm for marginal bone. General therapy satisfaction measured in a visual analogue scale was 8.4 ±1.4. In conclusion lower height of residual bone before sinus surgery and smoking habits had a negative prognostic effect on survival rate of dental implants placed in grafted sinuses.