Robust audio watermarking in the time domain
Open Access
- 1 June 2001
- journal article
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
- Vol. 3 (2), 232-241
- https://doi.org/10.1109/6046.923822
Abstract
The audio watermarking method proposed in this paper offers copyright protection to an audio signal by time domain processing. The strength of audio signal modifications is limited by the necessity to produce an output signal that is perceptually similar to the original one. The watermarking method presented here does not require the use of the original signal for watermark detection. The watermark signal is generated using a key, i.e., a single number known only to the copyright owner. Watermark embedding depends on the audio signal amplitude and frequency in a way that minimizes the audibility of the watermark signal. The embedded watermark is robust to common audio signal manipulations like MPEG audio coding, cropping, time shifting, filtering, resampling, and requantization.Keywords
This publication has 14 references indexed in Scilit:
- Chaotic watermarks for embedding in the spatial digital image domainPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2002
- Multimedia watermarking techniquesProceedings of the IEEE, 1999
- The use of watermarks in the protection of digital multimedia productsProceedings of the IEEE, 1999
- Protecting digital image copyrights: a frameworkIEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 1999
- Multimedia data-embedding and watermarking technologiesProceedings of the IEEE, 1998
- Resolving rightful ownerships with invisible watermarking techniques: limitations, attacks, and implicationsIEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 1998
- Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimediaIEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 1997
- Echo hidingLecture Notes in Computer Science, 1996
- Signal compression based on models of human perceptionProceedings of the IEEE, 1993
- Auditory PatternsReviews of Modern Physics, 1940