International renal‐cell cancer study. III. Role of weight, height, physical activity, and use of amphetamines
- 27 January 1995
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in International Journal of Cancer
- Vol. 60 (3), 350-354
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910600313
Abstract
Although numerous studies have identified obesity or high relative weight as a risk factor for renal‐cell cancer in women, the degree to which this effect is present in men remains unclear. A multicenter population‐based case‐control study concerning incident cases of histologically verified renal‐cell cancer (n = 1,732) and age‐ and sex‐matched controls (n = 2,309) was conducted in Australia, Denmark, Germany (2 centers), Sweden and the United States. Relative weight was estimated by the body mass index, and the association between this factor and other factors, such as height, physical activity and use of amphetamines, was measured by the relative risk estimated in logistic regression models. Body mass index was found to be a risk factor among women and, to a lesser extent, among men. A 3‐fold increased risk (RR = 3.6, 95% CI = 2.3–5.7) was observed for women with a relative weight in the top 5% compared with those in the lowest quartile. Rate of weight change (estimated as weight change per annum in kilograms) appeared to be an independent risk factor among women but not among men. Physical activity and height were unrelated to risk of renal‐cell cancer regardless of level of BMI, while use of amphetamines was associated with an increased risk among men, although no dose or duration effect was seen. Our findings verify the link between high relative weight and risk of renal‐cell cancer, particularly among women. The mechanism that underlies this association is, however, still unclear, although the rate of weight change may play a role.Keywords
This publication has 21 references indexed in Scilit:
- International renal‐cell cancer study. I. Tobacco useInternational Journal of Cancer, 1995
- Risk factors for renal‐cell carcinoma in a French case‐control studyInternational Journal of Cancer, 1993
- Risk factors for renal‐cell cancer in Shanghai, ChinaInternational Journal of Cancer, 1992
- Decreases in spontaneous tumors in rats and mice after treatment with amphetamineToxicology, 1991
- A Case-Control Study of Diet and Risk of Renal AdenocarcinomaEpidemiology, 1990
- Sex hormones and coronary disease: a review of the clinical studiesSteroids, 1990
- Mechanistic biotransformations of some amphetamine drugsJournal of Theoretical Biology, 1986
- Variations in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and womenJournal of Chronic Diseases, 1979
- Oestrogen-Induced Renal CarcinomaBritish Journal of Urology, 1979