Postexposure prophylaxis after sexual exposure to HIV
- 1 February 2007
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) in Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
- Vol. 20 (1), 39-46
- https://doi.org/10.1097/qco.0b013e328012c5e0
Abstract
HIV postexposure prophylaxis is often recommended following potential sexual exposure to HIV. Recent data address the effectiveness of postexposure prophylaxis and prevention counseling, cost-effectiveness, antiretroviral options, challenges with nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis among adolescents and children and following sexual assault in high HIV prevalence areas, and a successful program in Amsterdam. Postexposure prophylaxis is not completely protective. Seroconversion may result from antiretroviral failure or from ongoing exposures. Postexposure prophylaxis associated risk reduction counseling results in reductions in subsequent risk behavior. Programs that target outreach and limit prescriptions to those with exposure sources who are at risk of being HIV infected are cost-effective. Less restrictive guidelines result in more prescriptions for low-risk exposures; this practice is not cost-effective. The ideal antiretrovirals for postexposure prophylaxis use have not been established. Tenofovir has several attractive properties. Developing systems to support the effective delivery of postexposure prophylaxis among children and adolescents and following sexual assault in high HIV prevalence, resource limited settings is challenging. Numerous national and international guidelines recommend postexposure prophylaxis following potential sexual exposure to HIV. Maximizing adherence and minimizing subsequent HIV exposures will be critical to enhancing the effectiveness of this HIV prevention intervention.Keywords
This publication has 40 references indexed in Scilit:
- Evaluation of Oral Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Topical Tenofovir GS-7340 to Protect Infant Macaques Against Repeated Oral Challenges With Virulent Simian Immunodeficiency VirusJAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2006
- UK Guideline for the use of post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV following sexual exposureInternational Journal of STD & AIDS, 2006
- Seroconversion Following Nonoccupational Postexposure Prophylaxis against HIVClinical Infectious Diseases, 2005
- The use of a triple nucleoside‐nucleotide regimen for nonoccupational HIV post‐exposure prophylaxisHIV Medicine, 2005
- Tolerability of Postexposure Prophylaxis with the Combination of Zidovudine-Lamivudine and Lopinavir-Ritonavir for HIV InfectionClinical Infectious Diseases, 2005
- Tolerance of a Short Course of Nevirapine, Associated With 2 Nucleoside Analogues, in Postexposure Prophylaxis of HIVJAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2004
- Two Drugs or Three? Balancing Efficacy, Toxicity, and Resistance in Postexposure Prophylaxis for Occupational Exposure to HIVClinical Infectious Diseases, 2004
- Proposed recommendations for the management of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis after sexual, injecting drug or other exposures in EuropeEurosurveillance, 2004
- Use of postexposure prophylaxis against HIV infection following sexual exposure does not lead to increases in high-risk behaviorAIDS, 2004
- Serious Adverse Cutaneous and Hepatic Toxicities Associated With Nevirapine Use by Non???HIV-Infected IndividualsJAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2004