Targeted In vivo Imaging of Integrin αvβ6 with an Improved Radiotracer and Its Relevance in a Pancreatic Tumor Model

Abstract

The cell surface receptor α_vβ₆ is epithelial specific, and its expression is tightly regulated; it is low or undetectable in adult tissues but has been shown to be increased in many different cancers, including pancreatic, cervical, lung, and colon cancers. Studies have described α_vβ₆ as a prognostic biomarker linked to poor survival. We have recently shown the feasibility of imaging α_vβ₆ in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET) using the peptide [¹⁸F]FBA-A20FMDV2. Here, we describe improved α_vβ₆ imaging agents and test their efficacy in a mouse model with endogenous α_vβ₆ expression. The modified compounds maintained high affinity for α_vβ₆ and >1,000-fold selectivity over related integrins (by ELISA) and showed significantly improved α_vβ₆-dependent binding in cell-based assays (>60% binding versus 23:1 and >47:1, respectively, were achieved at 4 hours. Significantly, [¹⁸F]FBA-PEG₂₈-A20FMDV2 was superior to 2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) in imaging the BxPC-3 tumors. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is highly metastatic and current preoperative evaluation of resectability using noninvasive imaging has limited success, with most patients having metastases at time of surgery. The fact that these tumors express α_vβ₆ suggests that this probe has significant potential for the in vivo detection of this malignancy, thus having important implications for patient care and therapy. [Cancer Res 2009;69(14):5843–50]