Lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination: how does a metastatic tumor cell decide?
Open Access
- 24 March 2006
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Taylor & Francis Ltd in Cell Cycle
- Vol. 5 (8), 812-817
- https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.5.8.2646
Abstract
The formation of distant metastases is the deadliest phase of cancer progression. Although numerous studies have identified genes and mechanisms that affect metastasis after tumors have reached secondary sites, our knowledge about how cancer cells initially gain access to systemic circulation is limited. Since tumors can enter the blood directly by intravasating into venous capillaries or indirectly via lymphatics, it is important to evaluate the relative contributions of both pathways as routes of egress from the primary site. Insights into tumor and stromal factors governing the intravasation process may help explain why certain tumors exhibit “preferred” pathways for metastatic dissemination, both clinically and in experimental animal models.Keywords
This publication has 79 references indexed in Scilit:
- Tumor LymphangiogenesisThe American Journal of Pathology, 2003
- Tumour-cell invasion and migration: diversity and escape mechanismsNature Reviews Cancer, 2003
- Intratumoral lymphatics are essential for the metastatic spread and prognosis in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region.2003
- Absence of lymphangiogenesis and intratumoural lymph vessels in human metastatic breast cancerThe Journal of Pathology, 2003
- Differential in vivo and in vitro expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D in tumors and its relationship to lymphatic metastasis in immunocompetent rats.2003
- A molecular signature of metastasis in primary solid tumorsNature Genetics, 2002
- VEGF and the quest for tumour angiogenesis factorsNature Reviews Cancer, 2002
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages Express Lymphatic Endothelial Growth Factors and Are Related to Peritumoral LymphangiogenesisThe American Journal of Pathology, 2002
- Dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sitesNature Reviews Cancer, 2002
- Epithelial–mesenchymal transitions in tumour progressionNature Reviews Cancer, 2002