Ruthenium red-mediated suppression of Bcl-2 loss and Ca2+ release initiated by photodamage to the endoplasmic reticulum: scavenging of reactive oxygen species
- 18 February 2005
- journal article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Cell Death & Differentiation
- Vol. 12 (5), 502-511
- https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4401579
Abstract
The photosensitizer 9-capronyloxytetrakis (methoxyethyl) porphycene localizes predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and, to a lesser extent, in mitochondria of murine leukemia L1210 cells. Subsequent irradiation results in the loss of ER > mitochondrial Bcl-2 and an apoptotic response. Although an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ was observed after irradiation, apoptosis was not inhibited by either the presence of the calcium chelator BAPTA or by the mitochondrial uniporter inhibitor ruthenium amino binuclear complex (Ru360). Moreover, neither reagent prevented the loss of Bcl-2. Ruthenium red (RR) devoid of Ru360 prevented Bcl-2 loss, release of Ca2+ from the ER and the initiation of apoptosis. Since RR was significantly more sensitive than Ru360 to oxidation by singlet oxygen, we attribute the protective effect of RR to the quenching of reactive oxygen species. Although cytosolic and (to a lesser extent) mitochondrial Ca2+ levels were elevated after photodynamic therapy, these changes were apparently insufficient to contribute to the development of apoptosis.Keywords
This publication has 40 references indexed in Scilit:
- Mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptotic pathways are activated by 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy in HL60 leukemia cellsJournal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2003
- Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are the preferential sites of Foscan® localisation in cultured tumour cellsBritish Journal of Cancer, 2003
- Primary photodamage sites and mitochondrial events after Foscan photosensitization of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2003
- Release of cytochrome c and activation of pro-caspase-9 following lysosomal photodamage involves bid cleavageCell Death & Differentiation, 2002
- The role of apoptosis in response to photodynamic therapy: what, where, why, and howPhotochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2002
- Evidence that bcl-2 is the Target of Three Photosensitizers that Induce a Rapid Apoptotic Response¶Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2001
- Determinants of the Apoptotic Response to Lysosomal PhotodamagePhotochemistry and Photobiology, 2000
- Photodynamic action of porphyrin on Ca2+ influx in endoplasmic reticulum: a comparison with mitochondriaBiochemical Journal, 1999
- Photodynamic therapy: A mitochondrial inducer of apoptosisCell Death & Differentiation, 1999
- Photodynamic TherapyJNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 1998