How Well Are Bones Designed to Resist Fracture?
- 1 April 2003
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
- Vol. 18 (4), 591-598
- https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.4.591
Abstract
Because bone is obviously in some way adapted to the loads falling on it and because fracture is usually the failure of mechanical competence of main clinical importance, it is often thought that bones are adapted to resist fracture. In this perspective, I consider that this may not be the case. Bones may be designed to be very stiff, and therefore highly mineralized, and therefore brittle; they may be adapted to normal loads, but not to the characteristic loads occurring in falls, or may be very poorly designed to stop cracks traveling once they have started. Bones may also potentially fail in completely contrasting modes, and therefore their design has to be a compromise that does not resist either mode completely successfully. The greatly differing fracture incidences in different bones seen in pre-senile adults suggest that safety factors have been adapted, over evolutionary time, to produce the best compromise for a host of different design constraints.Keywords
This publication has 38 references indexed in Scilit:
- Diagnose und Therapie bei Stapesfrakturen und -luxationenLaryngo-Rhino-Otologie, 2002
- The Development of Metaphyseal Cortex—Implications for Distal Radius Fractures During GrowthJournal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2001
- Thrower's fracture: a comparison of two presentations of a rare fracture.Emergency Medicine Journal, 1995
- Stress distributions within the proximal femur during gait and falls: Implications for osteoporotic fractureOsteoporosis International, 1995
- Vertebral structure and strengthIn vivo andIn vitroCalcified Tissue International, 1993
- Homeostatic control of bone structure: An application of feedback theoryBone, 1991
- Optimum stiffness for leg bonesJournal of Zoology, 1990
- Vapor Pressure Isotherms, Composition and Density of Hyperdense Bones of Horse, Whale and PorpoiseConnective Tissue Research, 1987
- Estimation of Mechanical Properties of the Distal Radius from Bone Mineral Content and Cortical WidthClinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 1983
- Fractures of the Humerus from Muscular ViolenceActa Orthopaedica, 1971