Interpersonal effects of suffering in older adult caregiving relationships.
- 1 September 2009
- journal article
- review article
- Published by American Psychological Association (APA) in Psychology and Aging
- Vol. 24 (3), 681-695
- https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016355
Abstract
Examining the interpersonal effects of suffering in the context of family caregiving is an important step to a broader understanding of how exposure to suffering affects humans. In this review article, the authors first describe existing evidence that being exposed to the suffering of a care recipient (conceptualized as psychological distress, physical symptoms, and existential/spiritual distress) directly influences caregivers' emotional experiences. Drawing from past theory and research, the authors propose that caregivers experience similar, complementary, and/or defensive emotions in response to care recipient suffering through mechanisms such as cognitive empathy, mimicry, and conditioned learning, placing caregivers at risk for psychological and physical morbidity. The authors then describe how gender, relationship closeness, caregiving efficacy, and individual differences in emotion regulation moderate these processes. Finally, the authors provide directions for future research to deepen understanding of interpersonal phenomena among older adults, and they discuss implications for clinical interventions to alleviate the suffering of both caregivers and care recipients.Keywords
Funding Information
- Alzheimer’s Association
- National Institute of Nursing Research (NR08272; NR0009573)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH071944)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL076852; HL076858)
- National Science Foundation (EEEC-0540865)
- National Institute on Aging (F32 AG031635-01A2)
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