Groundwater geochemistry and health: an overview
- 1 January 1996
- journal article
- Published by Geological Society of London in Geological Society, London, Special Publications
- Vol. 113 (1), 91-105
- https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1996.113.01.08
Abstract
The natural geological and geochemical environment, in addition to providing beneficial mineral content and bioessential elements to groundwaters, may also give rise to undesirable or toxic properties through a deficiency or an excess of various elements. In this paper the controls on the release of toxic elements are considered together with the geochemical conditions that give rise to excess and deficiency. Many studies have pointed towards an inverse correlation between water hardness and cardiovascular disease and the associated mobility of metals in soft waters may also be a contributory factor. Under acidic conditions Al and Be as well as other metals may be released, whilst changes in redox conditions as well as pH will affect the mobility of Fe, Mn and As in particular. Some potentially toxic elements such as Ba and F are usually held at acceptable concentrations in groundwaters by the respective solubility controls of barite and fluorite; quality problems arise from these elements when groundwaters contain respectively low sulphate or low calcium concentrations. Deficiencies of Se and I (as well as F) in groundwater are related to the low geochemical abundance of these elements in certain environments. In the context of groundwater pollution it is important first to define the natural baseline concentrations of key elements of health importance.Keywords
This publication has 63 references indexed in Scilit:
- Arsenic Species in Groundwaters of the Blackfoot Disease Area, TaiwanEnvironmental Science & Technology, 1994
- The occurrence and geochemistry of fluoride in some natural waters of KenyaJournal of Hydrology, 1993
- Beryllium in river baseflow, shallow groundwaters and major aquifers of the U.K.Applied Geochemistry, 1993
- The origin of high-nitrate ground waters in the Australian arid zoneJournal of Hydrology, 1992
- The fluoride problem in the ground water of Sri Lanka — environmental management and healthInternational Journal of Environmental Studies, 1991
- Geochemical processes controlling selenium in ground water after mining, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.Applied Geochemistry, 1989
- Iodine in waters: possible links with endemic goitreApplied Geochemistry, 1989
- Baseline geochemical conditions in the Chalk aquifer, Berkshire, U.K.: a basis for groundwater quality managementApplied Geochemistry, 1987
- Iodine concentrations in groundwater of northern Israel and their relation to the occurrence of goiterApplied Geochemistry, 1986
- Arsenic Contamination of Drinking Water and Foodstuffs Causing Endemic Chronic PoisoningBeiträge zur Pathologie, 1974