Age and gender may affect posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in renal disease
- 7 August 2011
- journal article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Pediatric Nephrology
- Vol. 27 (2), 277-283
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-011-1974-y
Abstract
It remains elusive what factors affect posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Eleven PRES children, all with acute glomerulonephritis, Alport syndrome, and lupus nephritis, 5 with nephrosis, and 3 renal transplant recipients, were studied. PRES recurred in 1 patient. Neurological symptoms were graded as 1: mild (headache, nausea/vomiting, or tremor), 2: moderate (vision change), and 3: severe (mental dysfunction, cerebellar symptoms, seizures, recurrence of seizures, and coma). Magnetic resonance imaging was graded as 1: subtle change, 2: abnormal large areas, and 3: complete involvement of the regions. The common symptoms were seizures (100%), headache (82%), nausea/vomiting (73%), coma (55%), and vision change (46%). Seizures recurred in 7 (64%). All but one (91%) developed hypertension and 7 (64%) received calcineurin inhibitors (CNI). Edema occurred in 7 (64%) and renal insufficiency/end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in 4 (36%). Seizures recurred frequently in younger patients. Symptoms were severe in girls. Duration or severity of the condition with predisposing factors (hypertension, CNI, nephrosis or renal insufficiency/ERSD) did not make a difference in the symptoms and neuroimaging. Two patients developed chronic epilepsy. Age and gender may affect PRES symptoms. Our results are limited by small sample size and should be determined using larger numbers of patients.Keywords
This publication has 32 references indexed in Scilit:
- Hemorrhagic Manifestations of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction SyndromeStroke, 2010
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in childhood cancerAnnals Of Oncology, 2010
- Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: Associated Clinical and Radiologic FindingsMayo Clinic Proceedings, 2010
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: long-term follow-upJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 2009
- Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome, Part 2: Controversies Surrounding Pathophysiology of Vasogenic EdemaAmerican Journal Of Neuroradiology, 2008
- Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome, Part 1: Fundamental Imaging and Clinical FeaturesAmerican Journal of Neuroradiology, 2008
- Developmental differences in white matter architecture between boys and girlsHuman Brain Mapping, 2007
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: another manifestation of CNS SLE?Lupus, 2007
- The Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and AdolescentsPEDIATRICS, 2004
- Is reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy with severe hypertension completely reversible in all patients?Pediatric Nephrology, 2003