Risk factors for gout and prevention: a systematic review of the literature
- 1 March 2011
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) in Current Opinion in Rheumatology
- Vol. 23 (2), 192-202
- https://doi.org/10.1097/bor.0b013e3283438e13
Abstract
Our objective was to perform a systematic review of risk factors and prevention of gout. We searched Medline for fully published reports in English using keywords including but not limited to “gout”, “epidemiology”, “primary prevention”, “secondary prevention”, “risk factors’. Data from relevant articles meeting inclusion criteria was extracted using standardized forms. Of the 751 titles and abstracts, 53 studies met the criteria and were included in the review. Several risk factors were studied. Alcohol consumption increased the risk of incident gout, especially beer and hard liquor. Several dietary factors increased the risk of incident gout, including meat intake, seafood intake, sugar sweetened soft drinks, and consumption of foods high in fructose. Diary intake, folate intake and coffee consumption were each associated with a lower risk of incident gout and in some cases a lower rate of gout flares. Thiazide and loop diuretics were associated with higher risk of incident gout and higher rate of gout flares. Hypertension, renal insufficiency, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia, diabetes, obesity and early menopause were each associated with a higher risk of incident gout and/or gout flares. Several dietary risk factors for incident gout and gout flares are modifiable. Prevention and optimal management of comorbidities is likely to decreased risk of gout. Research in preventive strategies for the treatment of gout is needed.Keywords
This publication has 76 references indexed in Scilit:
- The prevalence of rheumatic diseases in central Greece: a population surveyBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2010
- Menopause, postmenopausal hormone use and risk of incident goutAnnals Of The Rheumatic Diseases, 2009
- Vitamin C Intake and the Risk of Gout in MenJAMA Internal Medicine, 2009
- Association of Incident Gout and Mortality in Dialysis PatientsJournal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2008
- Menopause, postmenopausal hormone use and serum uric acid levels in US women – The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyArthritis Research & Therapy, 2008
- Soft drinks, fructose consumption, and the risk of gout in men: prospective cohort studyBMJ, 2008
- Gout in the UK and Germany: prevalence, comorbidities and management in general practice 2000-2005Annals Of The Rheumatic Diseases, 2007
- Manifestations of metabolic syndrome associated with male gout in different age strataClinical Rheumatology, 2007
- Obesity, Weight Change, Hypertension, Diuretic Use, and Risk of Gout in MenArchives of Internal Medicine, 2005
- Preliminary criteria for the classification of the acute arthritis of primary goutArthritis & Rheumatism, 1977