Aspects on the cerebral perfusion pressure during therapy of a traumatic head injury

Abstract

An actively raised cerebral perfusion pressure by vasopressors is nowadays often advocated during therapy of a post traumatic brain oedema to improve oxygenation of the brain. In this paper we argue that the arterial pressure not uncritically can be raised as the subsequent increase in hydrostatic capillary pressure may favour transcapillary filtration if the blood-brain barrier is opened for solutes. Further, the use of vasoconstrictor drugs to increase the perfusion pressure may in fact impair oxygenation to the penumbra zones around brain contusions but also to other tissues of the body, like the intestinal mucosa and the kidney. An alternative therapeutical concept which both ensures an adequate oxygenation of the brain and controls the intracranial pressure (ICP) is given. In short, it implies active antistress and sedative treatment, adequate fluid therapy with blood and colloids to normal haemoglobine and albumin values, artificial ventilation to normal PaCO2 and PaO2, and this in combination with antihypertensive and catecholamine reducing treatment with alpha 2-agonist and beta 1-antagonist.