Molecular characterization of avian influenza H5N1 virus in Egypt and the emergence of a novel endemic subclade
- 1 July 2014
- journal article
- Published by Microbiology Society in Journal of General Virology
- Vol. 95 (7), 1444-1463
- https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.063495-0
Abstract
Clade 2.2 highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses have been in continuous circulation in Egyptian poultry since 2006. Their persistence caused significant genetic drift that led to the reclassification of these viruses into subclades 2.2.1 and 2.2.1.1. Here, we conducted full-genome sequence and phylogenetic analyses of 45 H5N1 isolated during 2006–2013 through systematic surveillance in Egypt, and 53 viruses that were sequenced previously and available in the public domain. Results indicated that H5N1 viruses in Egypt continue to evolve and a new distinct cluster has emerged. Mutations affecting viral virulence, pathogenicity, transmission, receptor-binding preference and drug resistance were studied. In light of our findings that H5N1 in Egypt continues to evolve, surveillance and molecular studies need to be sustained.Keywords
This publication has 66 references indexed in Scilit:
- Evolution of the receptor binding properties of the influenza A(H3N2) hemagglutininProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012
- Identifying Antigenicity-Associated Sites in Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin by Using Sparse LearningJournal of Molecular Biology, 2012
- Experimental adaptation of an influenza H5 HA confers respiratory droplet transmission to a reassortant H5 HA/H1N1 virus in ferretsNature, 2012
- MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony MethodsMolecular Biology and Evolution, 2011
- Datamonkey 2010: a suite of phylogenetic analysis tools for evolutionary biologyBioinformatics, 2010
- Structures of receptor complexes formed by hemagglutinins from the Asian Influenza pandemic of 1957Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009
- A new influenza virus virulence determinant: The NS1 protein four C-terminal residues modulate pathogenicityProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2008
- Simultaneous amino acid substitutions at antigenic sites drive influenza A hemagglutinin evolutionProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007
- Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A virusesArchiv für die gesamte Virusforschung, 2001
- CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choiceNucleic Acids Research, 1994