Land cover classification by an artificial neural network with ancillary information

Abstract

Remote sensing is an important source of land cover data required by many GIS users. Land cover data are typically derived from remotely–sensed data through the application of a conventional statistical classification. Such classification techniques are not, however, always appropriate, particularly as they may make untenable assumptions about the data and their output is hard, comprising only the code of the most likely class of membership. Whilst some deviation from the assumptions may be tolerated and a fuzzy output may be derived, making more information on class membership properties available, alternative classification procedures are sometimes required. Artificial neural networks are an attractive alternative to the statistical classifiers and here one is used to derive a fuzzy classification output from a remotely–sensed data set that may be post–processed with ancillary data available in a GIS to increase the accuracy with which land cover may be mapped. With the aid ancillary information on soil type and prior knowledge of class occurrence the accuracy of an artificial neural network classification was increased by 29–93 to 77–37 per cent. An artificial neural network can therefore be used generate a fuzzy classification output that may be used with other data sets in a GIS, which may not have been available to the producer of the classification, to increase the accuracy with which land cover may be classified.