Ultrafast fluorescence imaging in vivo with conjugated polymer fluorophores in the second near-infrared window
Top Cited Papers
- 31 May 2014
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Nature Communications
- Vol. 5 (1), 4206
- https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5206
Abstract
In vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (1.0-1.7 mu m) can afford deep tissue penetration and high spatial resolution, owing to the reduced scattering of long-wavelength photons. Here we synthesize a series of low-bandgap donor/acceptor copolymers with tunable emission wavelengths of 1,050-1,350 nm in this window. Non-covalent functionalization with phospholipid-polyethylene glycol results in water-soluble and biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles, allowing for live cell molecular imaging at >1,000 nm with polymer fluorophores for the first time. Importantly, the high quantum yield of the polymer allows for in vivo, deep-tissue and ultrafast imaging of mouse arterial blood flow with an unprecedented frame rate of >25 frames per second. The high time-resolution results in spatially and time resolved imaging of the blood flow pattern in cardiogram waveform over a single cardiac cycle (similar to 200 ms) of a mouse, which has not been observed with fluorescence imaging in this window before.This publication has 67 references indexed in Scilit:
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