Contractive States and the Standard Quantum Limit for Monitoring Free-Mass Positions

Abstract

The familiar minimum-uncertainty wave packets for masses are generalized in analogy with the two-photon coherent states of the radiation field. The free evolution of a subclass of these states, the contractive states, leads to a narrowing of the position uncertainty in contrast with the usual minimum-uncertainty wave packets. As a consequence the standard quantum limit for monitoring the positions of a free mass can be breached. Further implications on quantum nondemolition measurements are discussed.