Medical progress is made at the interface between the biologic and physical sciences and clinical practice. Traditionally, physician-scientists have worked at this interface, providing the expertise to fill the gap between the art and science of medicine. Since the number of physicians who pursue full-time investigative careers is declining, a number of programs have been established to help attract and retain such physician-scientists. Among these programs is one established by the National Institutes of Health under congressional mandate through the Public Health Improvement Act, also known as Public Law 106-505. The law provides educational-debt relief for physicians embarking on investigative . . .