Analysis of Heavy Metal Sources in Soil Using Kriging Interpolation on Principal Components
- 17 April 2014
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in Environmental Science & Technology
- Vol. 48 (9), 4999-5007
- https://doi.org/10.1021/es405083f
Abstract
Anniston, Alabama has a long history of operation of foundries and other heavy industry. We assessed the extent of heavy metal contamination in soils by determining the concentrations of 11 heavy metals (Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Hg, Ni, V, and Zn) based on 2046 soil samples collected from 595 industrial and residential sites. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was adopted to characterize the distribution of heavy metals in soil in this region. In addition, a geostatistical technique (kriging) was used to create regional distribution maps for the interpolation of nonpoint sources of heavy metal contamination using geographical information system (GIS) techniques. There were significant differences found between sampling zones in the concentrations of heavy metals, with the exception of the levels of Ni. Three main components explaining the heavy metal variability in soils were identified. The results suggest that Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn were associated with anthropogenic activities, such as the operations of some foundries and major railroads, which released these heavy metals, whereas the presence of Co, Mn, and V were controlled by natural sources, such as soil texture, pedogenesis, and soil hydrology. In general terms, the soil levels of heavy metals analyzed in this study were higher than those reported in previous studies in other industrial and residential communities.Keywords
This publication has 25 references indexed in Scilit:
- Blood Pressure in Relation to Concentrations of PCB Congeners and Chlorinated PesticidesEnvironmental Health Perspectives, 2011
- Blood pressure and hypertension in relation to levels of serum polychlorinated biphenyls in residents of Anniston, AlabamaJournal Of Hypertension, 2010
- ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOME IN A PETROCHEMICAL POLLUTED AREA IN TAIWANJournal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2001
- Risk based characterisation of contaminated industrial site using multivariate and geostatistical toolsEnvironmental Pollution, 2000
- Soil contamination and bioaccumulation of inorganics on petrochemical sitesEnvironmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2000
- Does living near a constellation of petrochemical, steel, and other industries impair health?Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1998
- A principal‐component and least‐squares method for allocating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment to multiple sourcesEnvironmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1997
- Human exposure to toxic metals: factors influencing interpretation of biomonitoring resultsScience of The Total Environment, 1995
- Dangerous and cancer-causing properties of products and chemicals in the oil refining and petrochemical industry: VIII. Health effects of motor fuels: Carcinogenicity of gasoline—Scientific updateEnvironmental Research, 1992
- Statistical association between cancer incidence and major-cause mortality, and estimated residential exposure to air emissions from petroleum and chemical plants.Environmental Health Perspectives, 1984