Natural History and Life Expectancy in Severe Alpha1‐Antitrypsin Deficiency, Pi Z

Abstract

Clinical data from 246 adult Swedish individuals with severe α₁-antitrypsin deficiency, Pi Z, diagnosed in 1963-77, were analyzed. Primary emphysema was present in 109 cases. Of 75 Pi Z patients with other types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), all but 7 showed signs of emphysema. Median age at onset of dyspnoea in Pi Z smokers was 40 years, compared to 53 in non-smokers (p<0.001). Of the Pi Z individuals over the age of 50, 19% had a diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and 15% signs of glomerular renal damage. Of 91 deceased patients, 56 died from COPD and 12 from liver disease. A greatly reduced survival was demonstrated in Pi Z individuals, regardless of sex. Smoking Pi 2 individuals had a significantly lower life expectancy than Pi Z non-smokers (p<0.01).