From Solar Energy to Fuels: Recent Advances in Light‐Driven C1 Chemistry

Abstract

Catalytic C1 chemistry based on the activation/conversion of synthesis gas (CO + H2), methane, carbon dioxide and methanol offers great potential for the sustainable development of hydrocarbon fuels to replace oil, coal and natural gas. Traditional thermal catalytic processes used for C1 transformations require high temperatures and pressures, thereby carrying a significant carbon footprint. In comparison, solar‐driven C1 catalysis represents a greener and more sustainable pathway for the manufacturing of fuels and other commodity chemicals, though conversion efficiencies are currently too low to justify industry investment. In this review, we highlight recent advances and milestones in light‐driven C1 chemistry, including solar Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis, water‐gas‐shift reaction, CO2 hydrogenation, methane and methanol conversion reactions. Particular emphasis is placed on the rational design of catalysts, structure‐reactivity relationships as well as reaction mechanisms. Strategies for the scaling up of solar‐driven C1 processes are also discussed.