Energy audit and air-conditioning system renovation analysis on office buildings using air-source heat pump in Shanghai
- 6 August 2013
- journal article
- Published by SAGE Publications in Building Services Engineering Research and Technology
- Vol. 35 (4), 376-392
- https://doi.org/10.1177/0143624413498608
Abstract
In the past, the building energy consumption was surveyed without distinction of air-conditioning system types, which caused large dispersal of the energy consumption of the same building type. To study energy consumption of office buildings using air-source heat pump, six office buildings using air-source heat pump in Shanghai were investigated through energy audit and field test. The energy use intensity (EUI) per annum ranged from 102 to 139 kWh/m2, with an average value of 126 kWh/m2. The EUI range of office buildings using air-source heat pump is much smaller than the EUI of office buildings according to the literature. Based on field test of the air-conditioning (A/C) system, it was found that the present main problem of A/C system included insufficient refrigeration capacity of A/C system, low A/C system energy efficiency, and small cold water temperature difference. Countermeasures were brought forward to solve the problems, including ① retrofitting part of the present air-source heat pumps to water-cooled cold water air-conditioners, ② retrofitting present air-source heat pumps into new air-source heat pumps, and ④ pump variable frequency renovation. The A/C load is estimated by Bin method. According to the case study in this paper, the pay back period are about two years for the first measure, five to seven years for the second measure, and 0.65–2 years for the third measure. Practical application: Generally, the energy consumption survey gives a wide range of data. To some extent, it is caused by the survey method which does not take the air-conditioning type into consideration. The work stresses on the energy consumption of office buildings using air-source heat pump. The result showed that the energy consumption was in a relatively small range, which will be more meaningful to industry. Energy saving measures concerning air-conditioning system is studied on the basis of the survey.This publication has 11 references indexed in Scilit:
- Analysis of national and local energy-efficiency design standards in the public building sector in ChinaEnergy for Sustainable Development, 2011
- A review on electrical motors energy use and energy savingsRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010
- Energy consumption, energy savings, and emission analysis in Malaysian office buildingsEnergy Policy, 2009
- Building energy research in Hong Kong: A reviewRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009
- Sensitivity analysis and energy conservation measures implicationsEnergy Conversion and Management, 2008
- Energy performance of building envelopes in different climate zones in ChinaApplied Energy, 2008
- A study of energy performance and efficiency improvement procedures of Government Offices in Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionEnergy and Buildings, 2008
- Feasibility of energy saving renovation measures in urban buildings: The impact of energy prices and the acceptable pay back time criterionEnergy and Buildings, 2002
- Assessment of energy and natural resources conservation in office buildings using TOBUSEnergy and Buildings, 2002
- Building energy audits and site surveysBuilding Research & Information, 1995