Niccoli P, Brunet P, Roubicek C, Roux F, Baudin E, Lejeune P-J, Berland Y, Conte-Devolx B. Abnormal calcitonin basal levels and pentagastrin response in patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:75–81. ISSN 0804–4643 Hypercalcitoninemia has been reported in renal failure. Using a specific monomeric calcitonin (CT) immunoassay, we measured CT levels in 154 hemodialyzed patients. The relationship between CT and serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), gastrin, alkaline phosphatases, phosphate and calcium was studied. The pentagastrin test was performed in 26 patients exhibiting basal hypercalcitoninemia. Basal CT levels over 5.7 pmol/l (20 ng/l) were found in 25.3% of the patients and values higher than 26 pmol/l (90 ng/l) in 7.8%. Although CT is cleared by hemodialysis, post-dialysis CT levels either were unchanged or increased as compared with pre-dialysis values. This suggests that hypercalcitoninemia is not related to a decreased renal clearance, and that hemodialysis induces a specific regulatory pathway. None of the parameters studied were found to explain high CT levels. Of the patients with hypercalcitoninemia, 11.5% exhibited abnormal CT response to pentagastrin but no relationship between CT and phosphate, calcium and PTH levels was evidenced. Our findings confirm high CT monomer levels in renal failure. As there was no correlation with parameters classically involved in CT regulation, its physiological significance remains unclear. Abnormal CT response to pentagastrin raises the problem of its specificity as a tumoral marker with regard to medullary thyroid carcinoma. B Conte-Devolx, Service d'Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital de la Conception, 147 Bd Baille, Marseille 13385 cedex 05, France