The examination of 623 melanoma patients in North Germany yielded the depigmentation disorder vitiligo in 23 cases (i.e. 3.7%). In 11 patients, the disease preceded their tumor, whereas in 11 patients, vitiligo developed after diagnosis of primary and/or metastatic melanoma into the regional lymph nodes. In 1 case the onset of melanoma in relation to the tumor remained undefined. The prevalence of vitiligo increased with tumor risk factors based on tumor thickness and anatomical site of tumor location (i.e. for low risk 1.75% intermediate risk 5.2% and high risk 5.8%). A comparison of the prevalence of vitiligo to the normal population of Northwestern Europe (i. e. 0.38–0.57%) showed a 7- to 10-fold increase for the patients with melanoma. A reverse analysis of the data yielded a 180-fold higher prevalence of melanoma in the group of patients with vitiligo. These results strongly support a more thorough examination of patients with vitiligo for primary melanoma.