Proliferation and significance of clinically relevant β‐lactamases
- 24 January 2013
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Wiley in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Vol. 1277 (1), 84-90
- https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12023
Abstract
Inactivation of β-lactam antibiotics by β-lactamases in bacterial infections is associated with some of the most serious infectious disease issues that are currently encountered. The evolution of unique β-lactamases has resulted in more than 1,300 distinct enzymes that have been identified in natural clinical isolates. Of these enzymes, the most deleterious β-lactamases are the extended-spectrum β-lactamases, or ESBLs, that hydrolyze most penicillins and cephalosporins, and the carbapenemases that may inactivate all β-lactam classes of drugs. The most prominent ESBLs worldwide are the CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-15 enzymes. Among enzyme families, the TEM and OXA β-lactamases exhibit the greatest number of variants. The broad groups of carbapenemases are particularly treacherous, especially the KPC serine carbapenemases and the NDM family of metallo-β-lactamases, both of which appear in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens that are often resistant to most classes of antibiotics. Although new β-lactamase inhibitor combinations are being investigated as a means of controlling infections caused by these organisms, additional approaches are sorely needed.Keywords
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